Hypersplenism its causes,clinical picture,diagnosis ,prognosis,prevention

Hypersplenism

*  Hypersplenism is a type of disorder which causes the spleen to rapidly and prematurely destroy blood cells.

*Causes

   It may be caused by a variety of disorders. Sometimes, it is brought on by a problem within the spleen itself and is referred to as primary hypersplenism.

   Secondary hypersplenism results from another disease such as Malaria, RA, TB, or polycythemia vera .

•         
Clinical presentation of hypersplenism include:

       * Splenomegaly

       * Easy bruising, epistaxix, hematemesis

         or hematurea

       * Manifestations of anemia

       * Fever and recurrent infections

       * Manifestations of the cause of 

         splenomegaly•          Diagnosis of hypersplenism begins with review of symptoms and patient history, and careful palpation of the spleen.

•           Blood counts indicate decreases in white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets.

•          Bone marrow examination showed normocellular or hpercellular marrow

•          Treatment

•          In secondary hypersplenism, the u

nderlying disease must be treated to prevent further sequestration or destruction of blood cells,

•          In severe cases, the spleen must be removed. Splenectomy will correct the effects of low blood cell concentrations in the blood.

•          Prognosis

   Depends on the underlying cause and progression of the disease. Left untreated, spleen enlargement can lead to serious complications. Hypersplenism can also lead to complications due to decreased blood cell counts.

•          Prevention

   Some of the underlying causes of hypersplenism or enlarged spleen can be prevented, such as certain forms of anemia and cirrhosis of the liver. In other cases, the hypersplenism may not be preventable.