Enteric fever-Typhoid fever

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and paratyphoid fever is caused by S. paratyphi.

Clinical picture

A- In school-age children and adolescents

B- In infants and young children

A macular or maculopapular rash (rose spots) appears on the      seventh day on the lower chest and abdomen.

Diagnosis

Widal test: measures antibodies against O and H antigens of S. typhi.

The minimal Widal   titer diagnostic for enteric fever is combined “O” agglutinin titer of 1/80 and above, with one of H agglutinin titer of 1/160 and above, provided that the other H agglutinins are at a lower titer.

Complications

Treatment

 Antimicrobial therapy
Fully sensitive

Chloramphenicol

Amoxicillin

Mulitidrug-resistant

Fluoroquinolone

 Cefixime

Quinolone-resistant

Azithromycin

Ceftriaxone

See the pictures

^{Salmonella organism}

rose spots

Widal test