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Lymphocytes
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Circulating lymphocytes are small cells, there
are two main types T and B lymphocytes.
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Lymphocytosis occurs when lymphocytic count >5x109
in viral infections,EBV, HIV, chronic infections as tuberculosis and
Toxoplasmosis, chronic lymphatic leukemia and lymphoma.
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T- cell immunodeficiencies
1-Congenital:
1-Congenital:
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A defect in thymic development associated with
hypoparathyrodisim and cardiac defects. Patients presented with infections
including mucocautaneous candidiasis and diarrhea.
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Treatment: thymic transplant, thymic hormone.
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Acquired:
1- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
1- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
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The priming cellular receptor for HIV is the
CD4 molecule.
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The following cells in the immune system are
affected:
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A-CD4+ cells T lymphocytes
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B-Monocytes
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C-Macrophage
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2- Measles
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3-Immunosuppressed drugs
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4-Corticosteriods.
Combined T and B lymphocyte immunodeficiencies
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1- Congenital:
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A –Severe combined immunodeficiency:
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Occurs in the first weeks of life, failure to
thrive, absent lymphoid tissue, lymphopenia and hypogammaglobinemia.
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Treatment :
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BMT
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Gene therapy.
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B-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Presented by eczema, thrombocytopenia.
Presented by eczema, thrombocytopenia.
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Acquired lymphopenia:
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1- Protein calorie malnutrition:
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Very common cause of acquired combined
immunodeficiency.
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Measles is a major cause of death.
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2-Immune deficiency of prematurity
Premature infants of 26 weeks gestation and under are now surviving and have several immunological deficiencies and problems.
Premature infants of 26 weeks gestation and under are now surviving and have several immunological deficiencies and problems.
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Antibody
continue to drop further after birth.
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Neutropenia and impaired chemotaxis.
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Disruption of host defense barriers e.g
insertion of foreign bodies e.g catheters and
antibiotic therapy which reduces resistance produce severe infections.
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